英文記事で英語を学ぶ

The landslide hit at about 3am, ripping through shanty homes while miners and their families were sleeping and destroying poorly constructed tunnels where the unregistered workers extract gold using hand tools, they said.
Three bodies had been recovered by early this afternoon while 10 people had been pulled from the debris alive, according to Susan Madrid, duty officer of the region's National Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council.
"But the number of dead will probably go up," she told AFP.
The spokesman of the military unit that rushed to the site, Lieutenant-Colonel Camilo Ligayo, said residents had told him at least 40 people were missing and feared buried in the tunnels and their homes.
"There are 40 still missing and that is a conservative estimate. The one who gave the estimate was one of the survivors from the tunnels. They know each other there," Ligayo told AFP.
"The landslide is massive and these people, the small-scale miners, they work and live on the slopes. They have bunkers, houses, stores."
The landslide occurred in the isolated town of Kingking in a mountainous area of the resource-rich but poor and violence-plagued southern island of Mindanao.
Madrid said there were about 50 houses on the slope before it was hit by the landslide, but she and the military could not say how many people were there at the time.
The local military commander, Colonel Roberto Domines, said an accurate count of the people hit by the landslide was difficult because many people had entered the area unofficially to dig for gold.
"Even the town government cannot give an accurate estimate because these are small-scale miners. They aren't from the town. These people come from all over the region," he said.
Madrid said rescue efforts had been hampered because the landslide had blocked road travel to the area -- normally a couple of hours' drive from Mindanao's trading capital, Davao City.
"The route to the area is impassable, but we have heavy equipment that is already clearing the area," she said.
However soldiers and civil defence teams had quickly reached Kingking by helicopter.
The military had also deployed a bulldozer, a dump truck and other heavy-lifting machinery, while a US mining company that had been carrying out exploration work in the region had also sent equipment, Madrid said.
Military spokesman Ligayo said that rain had fallen on Kingking on Thursday, which may have triggered the landslide.
However he said the cause of the disaster was still to be confirmed, with the excavation of the mountains potentially another factor.
Authorities said one person was killed and five others were injured when a landslide hit the same area last month.

■単語
debris
（▼発音注意）[名]（複 ～ /-z/）
1 破片，がらくた，残がい；漂積物；（収穫後の畑に残る）くず.
2 地質岩屑(がんせつ), デブリ：氷塊の堆積.

slope
傾斜面。斜面。また、勾配。「急な―を一気に滑り降りる」

bunker
１ ゴルフ場で、コース中に障害物の一つとして設けられた窪地(くぼち)。多くは砂地。
２ 船の燃料庫。

Region
[名]
1 （境界・範囲に関係なく漠然と）地方，地帯，地域，地区，海域. ⇒AREA[類語]
a desert region砂漠地方
forest regions森林地帯
the Antarctic [the Arctic] regions南極［北極］地方.
2 （活動・研究の）領域，分野
a region of philosophy哲学の領域.
3 （体の）部分，域
the lumbar region腰部.
4 ((通例～s))（広大で無限な）全域，広域，境界，界
the regions of the imagination空想の世界.
5 （大気・海水の）層；宇宙区分，区画
the upper [the middle, the lower] regions of the atmosphere空の上［中，下］層圏
a galactic region銀河帯.
6 （都市・領土の）行政区，管区，区；（スコットランドの）州；((the ～s))（首都に対して）地方.
7 動物（地理）区.
8 数学領域.
in the region of ...
…の辺で，近くに；約…
in the region of the right eye
右目のあたりで
in the region of $1,000
千ドル見当で
hamper
[動](他)…を阻止する，妨害する，妨げる，じゃまする. ⇒PREVENT[類語]
━━[名]
1 妨げになるもの，じゃま，束縛.
2 海事（平時は必要であるが荒天時などに）じゃまになる船具..

英文記事で英語を学ぶ

Samsung Electronics Co filed patent lawsuits against Apple over the US firm's iPhone and iPad in a tit-for-tat case after Apple claimed Samsung's smartphones and tablets 'slavishly' copied its products.
Samsung's counter lawsuit, its first against its biggest client, comes days before it launches a new product and could jeopardize business ties between the two companies, as Apple relies on Samsung for component supplies such as chips and LCD displays.
"Apple is quite annoyed by Samsung's fast rise in a market which it virtually created," James Song, an analyst at Daewoo Securities, said on Friday.
"It's quite threatening to see how quickly Samsung plays catchup, and Apple might have felt a strong urge to put a brake on its march just when Samsung is set to roll out a new smartphone in May ahead of its new iPhone."
Apple sold 18.6 million iPhones last quarter alone. Samsung, which had a fraction of the booming market until early last year, is estimated to have sold around 13 million units of smartphones in January-March and aims to sell 60 million units this year.
Apple filed a lawsuit last Friday alleging Samsung violated patents and trademarks of its iPhone and iPad, as the popular gadgets are being threatened by the fast rise of rival devices based on Google''sfree Android operating system.
Samsung said in a statement on Friday that Apple's iPhone and iPad infringe Samsung''s 10 mobile technology patents and it called for Apple to stop infringing its technology and compensate the company.
Operating systems have emerged as the key battlefield for dominance of the world''s smartphone market.
Android became the most popular smartphone software in the United States in the three months ending in February, ahead of Apple and Research in Motion, according to a recent survey by research firm comScore.
Samsung is one of the fastest growing smartphone makers on the back of the Android boom and has emerged as Apple's strongest competitor in the tablet market, with models in three sizes.
Samsung said the suits, filed in South Korea, Japan and Germany, involved 10 alleged infringements of patents mainly involving power reduction during data transmission, 3G technology for reducing errors during data transmission, and wireless data communication technology.
"Samsung is responding actively to the legal action taken against us in order to protect our intellectual property and to ensure our continued innovation and growth in the mobile communications business," the statement said.
Global technology companies are locked in a web of litigation as they try to defend their shares of the booming tablet and smartphone market.
Strong sales of the iPhone and iPad translate into more revenue for Samsung. Apple was Samsung's second-biggest client after Japan's Sony Corp last year, bringing in around 6.2 trillion Korean won ($5.7 billion) of sales, and is widely expected to become Samsung's top client this year.
"But both know that they need each other. Apple can't suddenly change to other company for supplies of memory chips and mobile processors, because there's no one able to meet Apple's requirement in terms of technology and capacity other than Samsung." Song said.
The battle comes ahead of Samsung launching a new version of its successful Galaxy S smartphone next week in Korea, a key product for the world's No.2 handset maker to meet its target of 60 million units of smartphone sales this year.
Shares in Samsung, Asia's biggest technology company with a market value of $140 billion, closed down 2.6% after three consecutive sessions of gains in a flat market.

■単語
tit-for-tat
[形]しっぺ返しの；相互依存的な.

slavishly
[副] ⇒slav・ish
slavish
[形]
1 奴隷の；奴隷的な；奴隷根性の
slavish submission
奴隷的な屈従.
2 卑しい，卑屈な.
3 猿まね的な，独創性のない；直訳の.

allege
[動](他)
1 ((通例受身))［III[名]/that節］（証拠なしに）…を主張する；［V[名]as[名]［[形]］］…が（…である）と断言する；［V[名]to do］〈人が〉（…であると）言い張る，称する
allege a person's guilt
人の有罪を主張する
She alleges that her watch has been stolen.
彼女は自分の時計が盗まれたと言い張っている
He is alleged to have stolen the jewelry. [=It is alleged that he stole the jewelry.]
彼は宝石を盗んだと言われている（⇒ALLEGEDLY）.
2 …を（口実・弁解として）持ち出す
allege illness
病気を口実とする.
3 法律…を申し立てる，主張する.
［古フランス語←俗ラテン語exltigre （ex-外へ＋ltigre持ち出す＝証拠を持ち出す）. △LITIGATE］
infringe
[動](他)〈法律・契約・義務・権利・誓い・原理などを〉犯す，破る，侵害する，に違反する，違背する
infringe a copyright [a patent]
版権［特許権］を侵害する.
━━(自)［infringe on [upon] A］〈Ａ（法律・権利など）を〉侵害する
infringe on women's rights
女性の権利を侵害する.
［ラテン語infringere（in-中に＋frangere破る＝破り入る）. △FRAGILE, FRACTION］

compensate
[動](他)［III[名]（[副]）］
1 〈損失・欠点などを〉（…で）相殺(そうさい)する，埋め合わせる((with, by ...))；［compensate A for B］〈Ａ（人）のＢ（損害・労苦）を〉（…で）償う，補償する，賠償する((with, by ...)). ▼Ｂは名詞・動名詞
compensate him for his trouble with money
彼の労苦をお金で償う
The company compensated me for losing a finger on the job.
労働災害で指をなくしたことに対して会社は賠償してくれた
Your shortcomings are well compensated for by your sincerity.
君の短所は誠実さによって十分補われている.
2 〈時計の〉振り子などを補整する.
3 ((米))〈貨幣の〉金含有量を変える［補整する］.
4 ((米))〈人に〉（仕事に対して）給料［報酬］を支払う((for ...)).
━━(自)（←(他)）［compensate for A］〈Ａ（物・事）の〉埋め合わせをする，補う，償う；補償［賠償］する. ▼Ａは名詞・動名詞
Diligence may compensate for lack of experience.
勤勉が経験不足を補うこともある.
［ラテン語compnstus （com-共に＋pensare計量する＋-ATE1＝2つのものを計量する）］

スコアアップ大作戦

「…（の状態に）になる」という意味をもっている動詞は７つあります。
「…」の部分を補語と言いますが，ここに置くことができるのは主に形容詞です。
７つの動詞とは，become, get, grow, fall, go, come, turn です。
今日の例文では go を使った例が出てきますが，go は元来「離れていく」という意味のことばなので，補語を取る場合も「離れていく」イメージの表現か「正常な状態から離れる」つまり「よからぬ状態になる」という意味で用いられます。
【離れていく】
go independent（独立する），go free（自由の身になる）
【よからぬ状態になる】
go bad（腐る），go mad（頭がおかしくなる），go bankrupt（倒産する）
According to the magazine article, the insurance firm went bankrupt as a consequence of a series of poor management decisions.
▽ Free Translation
雑誌の記事によれば，その保険会社は，度重なる経営上の不手際によって倒産に追い込まれたそうだ。

▼ WORDS
□ magazine＜名＞雑誌
□ article＜名＞記事
□ insurance＜名＞保険
□ firm＜名＞会社（＝ company）
□ go＜動2＞…になる（◆「…」にはbad（腐った）, wrong（間違った）など「異常」の形容詞が入る）
□ bankrupt＜形＞破産［倒産］した：bankruptcy＜名＞破産，倒産
□ as＜前＞…として
□ consequence＜名＞結果，影響（＝ result or effect）
□ poor＜形＞下手な，まずい
□ management＜名＞経営，運営
□ decision＜名＞決定：decide＜動1or3＞（…を）決定する

▼ Phrases & Patterns
□ go bankrupt＜動＞倒産［破産］する
□ as a consequence of ...＜副＞…の結果（＝ as a result of ...）
□ a series of ...＜形＞一連の…（◆a long of, a kind ofなどと同様，一語の形容詞とみなされる）
□ according to ...＜副＞…（の伝える［述べる］ころに）によれば（◆「〜ということだ」という意味も含むので，According to ..., it says 〜.などとしないように）