2011年4月13日水曜日

【英文】
 Who is using the fax machine? 
 A) The boss is using the fax machine. 
 B) I send the document by fax. 
 C) He has been using the fax machine for 15 minutes.

【解答と訳】
 解答: A)
     疑問詞「Who」への答えが含まれているのは、この選択肢だけです。
 訳:誰がファクスを使っていますか?
 A) 上司がファクスを使っています。
 B) 書類をファクスで送ります。
 C) 彼はファクスを15分も使っています。

 

今日の例文の "We're holding ..." がこれに当たります。 We're going to hold ... としても同じ意味になります。

でも今日の例文の2行目の "I'll write it down" を "I'm going to write it down" と言い換えることは決してできません。
be going to ... は,あらかじめ決めていたことを「…することにしている」という場合に用い,例文のように「とっさに決めたこと」については用いないからです。
"We're holding Tina's farewell party at two p.m. on May 20. I'll give you a ride to the hotel." "Hold on a second. I'll write it down before I forget it."

▽ Slash Reading
"We're holding/Tina's farewell party/at two p.m./on May 20. I'll give/you a ride/to the hotel." "Hold on/a second. I'll write it down/before I forget it."

▽ Free Translation
「ティナの送別会を5月20日の午後2時に行うよ。僕が君をホテルまで車に乗せていくから」「ちょっと待って。忘れないうちに書き留めておくわ」

▼ WORDS
□ hold<動3><会など>を行う[開く](= have)(◆例文の現在進行形は「近い
 未来」のことを表している)
□ will<助>…するよ,…するつもりだ(◆一人称の主語(I, we)で「意志」
 を表す。短縮形('ll)で用いることが多い)
□ farewell<名>お別れ
□ at<前>…に(◆時刻のように「点」的な時や場所の前に置く)
□ on<前>…に(◆曜日や日付に用いる。例文は「日付」。in は「月」の前)
□ give<動4>O'にOを与える(◆例文では,O'がyou,Oがa ride)
□ ride<名>車での移動(= lift)(◆<動>で使う場合は,「(車などで)移動する」)
□ a second<副>少しの間(= a minute)(◆ second には「秒」の意味もある)
□ before<従接>…する前に
□ forget<動2or1>(Oを)忘れる(◆例文では<動2>。<動1>で用いbefore I forget としてもよい)

▼ Phrases & Patterns
□ give O' a ride to ...<動>O'を車に乗せて…へ連れていく
□ hold on<動>そのままで待つ(= wait)
□ write ... down<動>…を書き留める(◆ downは「(下に)留める」)
□ before S + V ...<副>SがV...する前に→ SがV...しないうちに(◆ before S don't V という「否定形」は不可)

S'pore is Asia's most wired nation

Singapore is better positioned to benefit economically from adopting new information technology than any other country in Asia, taking the top spot on the continent and ranking second in the world behind Sweden for a second year running, according to a report released yesterday.

The annual World Economic Forum report looked at 138 countries for 2010. Nordic nations had a strong showing, accounting for four of the top 10 spots.

Just behind Sweden and Singapore in the report's Networked Readiness Index were Finland, Switzerland and the United States.

The other Asian Tiger economies continue to make progress in the ranking, with Taiwan and South Korea improving five places to sixth and 10th, respectively, and Hong Kong following closely at 12th. China and India trailed in 37th and 43rd spot, respectively.

The index, which incorporates a survey of more than 15,000 executives, bases its relative rankings on a country's overall environment for information and communication technology, the willingness of individuals, businesses and governments to use it, and the actual level of usage.

The WEF forecast the next decade will bring a shift in Internet usage that will bring emerging countries to the fore.

Improvements in the speed and quality of broadband, as well as more interactive technologies, will have massive implications for productivity gains and new opportunities for individuals, the WEF said.

The impact of such changes has been felt most recently in the Middle East and North Africa, where political unrest has been facilitated in part by online social networks.


NETWORKED READINESS INDEX 2010/2011 TOP 10

(2009/2010 rank in brackets)

1 (1) Sweden

2 (2) Singapore

3 (6) Finland

4 (4) Switzerland

5 (5) United States

6 (11) Taiwan

7 (3) Denmark

8 (7) Canada

9 (10) Norway

10 (15) South Korea

www.brain-map.org

On March 17, 2011, the Allen Institute for Brain Science released its latest updates to resources available through the ALLEN Brain Atlas data portal. These include new data and feature enhancements for three resources.
Highlights include:
• ALLEN Human Brain Atlas now includes microarray data for two complete adult human brains, with approximately 1,000 anatomic samples per brain. New features include the Brain Explorer® 3-D viewer and enhanced data search and navigation features. Learn more.

• NIMH Transcriptional Atlas of Human Brain Development has been expanded to include RNA-Seq data and exon array data for discrete anatomic samples from 25 donors spanning development, as well as additional ISH data spanning postnatal development. New features also include:
o Addition of differential and correlative search functions
o Enhanced heat-map interactivity and navigation for transcriptome data
o Side-by-side viewing of ISH data with nearest matching Nissl sections

• NIH Blueprint NHP Atlas now includes downloadable microarray data from substructures of the hippocampus and amygdala from four postnatal developmental stages.

Sony Reader Pocket Edition

No matter how slick an e-reader's physical design, it's hard to resist the urge to touch the screen, as you would on an iPad. But you can easily use the screen to navigate with the Sony Reader Pocket Edition PRS-350SC.

Like its larger siblings in Sony's line of e-readers, the Reader Pocket Edition employs Sony's unique optical technology to allow fingers to tap away.

The Reader Pocket Edition has a 5in E Ink Pearl display, the same kind of screen as on the third-generation Amazon Kindle but 1in smaller. Not surprisingly, the device weighs less, too: At just 155g, the Pocket Edition is easy to hold in one hand while you're curled up on the couch for a reading session.

The optical-technology touchscreen uses infrared sensors to detect where your finger is; it compares that information against a matrix that identifies your finger's position and what action you are trying to accomplish, and then performs that action. The result is striking. I found the display brighter and dramatically sharper than Sony's previous touchscreen technology, with better contrast and clarity, as well as crisp greyscale images. Furthermore, I could make selections with featherlight touches to the screen. Previously, Sony used a resistive touch overlay on its Touch Edition PRS-600; the effect was unfortunate, with muted responsiveness, a persistent glare and fuzzy text.

In use, I found the touch navigation terrific and natural in feel. You simply touch to turn pages, and touch to get one of the 12 pop-up dictionaries, including conversion dictionaries for French, German, Italian, Spanish and Dutch, plus American and British English.

A simple row of buttons that lies beneath the screen consists of page-back and page-forward buttons, a zoom button, a font button and an options button. At top is the power switch, while the built-in slim stylus is at the upper right.

Among the options is the ability to adjust the contrast and brightness ratio further - a first among the e-readers we've seen. You can also choose from among six font sizes, from XS to XXL. If you opt for the last of those sizes, however, expect to do an awful lot of page turns on this petite unit. People with poor eyesight would do better to consider the 6in Sony Reader Touch Edition PRS-650BC.

The unit also now charges via the increasingly common micro-USB port; previously, Sony used mini-USB. The e-reader has both Memory Stick and SD card slots, and 2GB of on-board storage.

One of the Reader platform's strengths is its support for the ePub e-book standard, which allows you to buy books from Sony's own store (you upload to the device after downloading books to the Mac/PC Sony desktop client) and other stores with ePub, as well as to download books from libraries.

One of its weaknesses is its pan-and-zoom approach to reading PDFs (though its PDF handling is still an improvement over that of the past).

Another weakness: No 3G or Wi-Fi. By contrast, the latest Amazon Kindle with Wi-Fi and 3G is US$189 - $40 less - and adds an extra inch to the screen to boot. You pay a steep price for the slick design of the highly portable Pocket Edition.
Australian Macworld's buying advice.

Among the small, 5in-screen e-reader set, Sony has leaped to the head of the pack. If you want your e-reader in a paperback size, the Sony Reader Pocket Edition is the best model you can get.

Ad-Supported Kindle

Who does Amazon think it's fooling with a meager $25 discount on an ad-supported Kindle? Ad-supported e-books are where it's really at.
The $114 Kindle with Special Offers ships May 3, and limits ads to the device's screensaver and main menu. Amazon has no plans to stuff ads inside e-books, says Amazon vice president of Kindle content Russ Grandinetti. Grandinetti told Business Insider that the company is "pretty skeptical" that ad-supported e-books are something people would want.
Am I the only one who thinks this is too bad? If e-books could be had for cheap--or even free--in exchange for the occasional ad, I'd download them by the dozen.
In theory, the nice thing about e-books is that you can build a huge library in a portable package. But if each e-book costs about the same as its dead-tree counterpart, then you're really just paying an extra $114+ for the convenience. It's no more conducive to building up a library in terms of cost, just space.
Ad-supported e-books could change all of this.
Publishers could work with advertisers to set a fair price on eyeballs, and then use the Kindle's web connectivity to adjust ads in real time. Ad support could also be added to the Kindle platform on phones and tablets. And instead of starting from scratch with a special "ad-supported Kindle," ad-supported e-books would be able to take advantage of the already-established Kindle market.
Ad-supported e-books would also keep users in control. Grandinetti told Business Insider that the Kindle strives to "disappear" while you're reading, and that ads in e-books would create a jarring experience. But I think users can decide whether that's an important factor while reading. Sure, I may not want to see an ad for a fishing expedition in the middle of Moby Dick, but I've got no problem learning about an upcoming Harry Potter movie while reading J.K. Rowling's latest book. The Kindle with Special Offers forces you to look at an ad every time you grab the device. Unless you want to look like a cheapskate, giving this e-reader as a gift is out of the question.
People who want nothing to do with ads, of course, would still be able to purchase ad-less books for the same dead-tree book price they're purchasing them for now.
So I hope Amazon will reconsider its unwillingness to place ads in e-books. The Kindle with Special Offers is a clever maneuver that gives Amazon one more advantage over the competition, but it doesn't go far enough.

Japan's Nuclear Power Plant Workers, Exposed to Radiation, Hidden from Sight

Kenji Higuchi (樋口健二) is a photographer in Japan, acclaimed for his work of documenting the effects of industrial pollution and the exploitation of nuclear power plant workers.

This documentary film was released by Channel 4 (UK) in 1995. Cf. Tim Shorrock, "Japan's Nuclear Nightmare (Part One)" (18 March 2011); Tim Shorrock, "Japan's Nuclear Nightmare (Part Two): Nuclear Gypsies -- The Subcontractors Who Do the Dirty Work" (20 March 2011); "メシ最悪、雑魚寝、被曝 . . . 原発作業員「日当40万円」の過酷労働" (Zakzak, 29 March 2011);

"Of roughly 83,000 workers at Japan's 18 commercial nuclear power plants, 88 percent were contract workers in the year that ended in March 2010, the nuclear agency said. At the Fukushima Daiichi plant, 89 percent of the 10,303 workers during that period were contractors. In Japan's nuclear industry, the elite are operators like Tokyo Electric and the manufacturers that build and help maintain the plants like Toshiba and Hitachi. But under those companies are contractors, subcontractors and sub-subcontractors -- with wages, benefits and protection against radiation dwindling with each step down the ladder. . . . Some [Fukushima Daiichi emergency] workers are hired from construction sites, and some are local farmers looking for extra income. Yet others are hired by local gangsters, according to a number of workers who did not want to give their names. . . . Since the mid-1970s, about 50 former workers have received workers' compensation after developing leukemia and other forms of cancer. Health experts say that though many former workers are experiencing health problems that may be a result of their nuclear work, it is often difficult to prove a direct link"
(Hiroko Tabuchi, "Japanese Workers Braved Radiation for a Temp Job," New York Times, 9 April 2011);
"被曝基準超えた作業員の雇用継続求める 労使、国に要望" (Asahi Shimbun, 9 April 2011).

The Android platform

With Android's breadth of capabilities, it would be easy to confuse it with a desktop operating system. Android is a layered environment built upon a foundation of the Linux kernel, and it includes rich functions. The UI subsystem includes:
* Windows
* Views
* Widgets for displaying common elements such as edit boxes, lists, and drop-down lists
Android includes an embeddable browser built upon WebKit, the same open source browser engine powering the iPhone's Mobile Safari browser.
Android boasts a healthy array of connectivity options, including WiFi, Bluetooth, and wireless data over a cellular connection (for example, GPRS, EDGE, and 3G). A popular technique in Android applications is to link to Google Maps to display an address directly within an application. Support for location-based services (such as GPS) and accelerometers is also available in the Android software stack, though not all Android devices are equipped with the required hardware. There is also camera support.
As mentioned, Android runs atop a Linux kernel. Android applications are written in the Java programming language, and they run within a virtual machine (VM). It's important to note that the VM is not a JVM as you might expect, but is the Dalvik Virtual Machine, an open source technology. Each Android application runs within an instance of the Dalvik VM, which in turn resides within a Linux-kernel managed process, as shown below.
An Android application consists of one or more of the following classifications:
* Activities
An application that has a visible UI is implemented with an activity. When a user selects an application from the home screen or application launcher, an activity is started.
* Services
A service should be used for any application that needs to persist for a long time, such as a network monitor or update-checking application.
* Content providers
You can think of content providers as a database server. A content provider's job is to manage access to persisted data, such as a SQLite database. If your application is very simple, you might not necessarily create a content provider. If you're building a larger application, or one that makes data available to multiple activities or applications, a content provider is the means of accessing your data.
* Broadcast receivers
An Android application may be launched to process a element of data or respond to an event, such as the receipt of a text message.
An Android application, along with a file called AndroidManifest.xml, is deployed to a device. AndroidManifest.xml contains the necessary configuration information to properly install it to the device. It includes the required class names and types of events the application is able to process, and the required permissions the application needs to run. For example, if an application requires access to the network - to download a file, for example - this permission must be explicitly stated in the manifest file. Many applications may have this specific permission enabled. Such declarative security helps reduce the likelihood that a rogue application can cause damage on your device.

A brief history of Android

The Android platform is the product of the Open Handset Alliance, a group of organizations collaborating to build a better mobile phone. The group, led by Google, includes mobile operators, device handset manufacturers, component manufacturers, software solution and platform providers, and marketing companies. From a software development standpoint, Android sits smack in the middle of the open source world.
The first Android-capable handset on the market was the G1 device manufactured by HTC and provisioned on T-Mobile. The device became available after almost a year of speculation, where the only software development tools available were some incrementally improving SDK releases. As the G1 release date neared, the Android team released SDK V1.0 and applications began surfacing for the new platform.
To spur innovation, Google sponsored two rounds of "Android Developer Challenges," where millions of dollars were given to top contest submissions. A few months after the G1, the Android Market was released, allowing users to browse and download applications directly to their phones. Over about 18 months, a new mobile platform entered the public arena.